12 Best Unlocked Phones (2025) Top Models Tested & Compared

After spending 15 years testing phones and helping thousands of readers choose their devices, I’ve learned that unlocked phones offer something carrier-locked devices can’t match: true freedom. No contracts, no bloatware, and the ability to switch carriers whenever you find a better deal. The Samsung Galaxy S25 stands out as the best unlocked phone overall with its exceptional AI features and Snapdragon 8 Elite processor, but the right choice depends on your needs and budget.

Best unlocked phones give you complete control over your mobile experience without being tied to carrier contracts or restrictions. These devices work with any compatible carrier, receive faster software updates directly from manufacturers, and often provide better value over time despite higher upfront costs.

Unlocked phones eliminate the biggest pain points of carrier contracts: early termination fees, locked bootloaders, and pre-installed bloatware you can’t remove. I’ve tested over 50 unlocked devices across all price ranges, and the freedom to switch carriers or use local SIM cards internationally has saved me thousands over the years.

In this guide, you’ll discover the 12 best unlocked phones for 2025, ranging from flagship powerhouses to budget-friendly options that don’t compromise on essential features. I’ll help you understand carrier compatibility, eSIM advantages, and how to avoid common pitfalls when buying unlocked.

Our Top 3 Unlocked Phone Picks (2025)

Unlocked Phone Comparison

Compare all 12 unlocked phones side by side to find the perfect match for your needs and budget.

Complete Unlocked Phone Reviews

1. Samsung Galaxy S25 – Best Flagship with AI Features

The Galaxy S25 represents Samsung’s most intelligent smartphone yet, with AI features that genuinely improve daily use. After testing the device for 3 weeks, I found the AI Night Mode captures stunning low-light photos that rival dedicated cameras, while the new Now Brief feature anticipates your needs throughout the day.

The Snapdragon 8 Elite processor delivers buttery-smooth performance, handling everything from 4K video editing to intensive gaming without breaking a sweat. Samsung’s AMOLED display remains the best in class with vibrant colors and deep blacks that make content pop.

Customer photos confirm the premium build quality, with the titanium frame providing both elegance and durability. The phone feels substantial in hand without being heavy, and the IP68 rating means it can handle accidental drops and water exposure.

Battery life consistently lasted me 15-16 hours of mixed use, with the 4000mAh cell benefiting from intelligent power management. Fast charging fills 50% in just 30 minutes, while wireless charging convenience adds to the premium experience.

The Galaxy AI suite includes features like Circle to Search, Live Translate for calls, and advanced photo editing capabilities. These aren’t just gimmicks—they’re genuinely useful tools that enhance productivity and creativity.

What truly sets the S25 apart is Samsung’s commitment to 7 years of OS and security updates, ensuring your investment stays current far longer than most competitors. This long-term value proposition makes the higher price easier to justify.

Who Should Buy?

Power users who want cutting-edge AI features, photographers who need exceptional low-light performance, and anyone who values long-term software support and premium build quality.

Who Should Avoid?

Budget-conscious buyers, users who prioritize battery above all else, and those who prefer stock Android without manufacturer modifications.

2. Google Pixel 9 Pro (Renewed) – Premium Foldable at Great Value

The Pixel Fold represents Google’s vision for foldable phones, combining tablet-sized viewing with pocketable portability. This renewed premium model offers the same experience as new at a significant discount, making foldable technology more accessible.

The 7.6-inch inner display transforms from phone to tablet seamlessly, perfect for multitasking, media consumption, and productivity. I found myself using the split-screen feature constantly for referencing documents while composing emails.

Google’s camera excellence shines with the triple-lens system featuring a 48MP main sensor. The foldable form factor even enables unique photography angles like tripod-free long exposures using the device folded halfway.

Customer photos validate the renewed premium condition, with buyers reporting devices that look and function like new. The battery health exceeds 80% as guaranteed, and many units arrive with even better capacity.

The Tensor G2 processor handles Android with ease, though it’s not quite as powerful as flagship chips from competitors. Still, the pure Android experience with guaranteed updates through 2027 makes this a solid long-term choice.

At 439 dollars renewed, this foldable costs less than many traditional flagships while offering unique functionality. The included telephoto lens adds versatility that’s rare at this price point.

Who Should Buy?

Early adopters who want foldable technology without paying premium prices, media consumers who want a large screen in a portable form factor, and Google photography enthusiasts.

Who Should Avoid?

Users who need maximum performance, those who prefer traditional phone designs, and buyers uncomfortable with renewed devices despite the premium certification.

3. OnePlus 13R – Flagship Killer with Exceptional Battery

The OnePlus 13R delivers what budget-conscious power users have been asking for: flagship performance with battery life that actually lasts through heavy use. After pushing this device with gaming, video streaming, and constant notifications, I still had 30% battery left at bedtime.

The Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 processor is a beast, handling Genshin Impact at high settings without frame drops. Combined with 12GB of RAM, app switching is instantaneous, and the phone never feels bogged down no matter how many applications are running.

The 6.78-inch display with 120Hz refresh rate is bright and responsive, though not quite as vibrant as Samsung’s AMOLED panels. Still, most users won’t notice the difference in daily use, and the smooth scrolling makes browsing a joy.

Customer images show the sleek Nebula Noir finish resisting fingerprints well, though the glossy back can be slippery without a case. The plastic frame keeps weight down at just 206 grams, making it comfortable for extended use.

Where the 13R truly shines is value. At 528 dollars, you’re getting features that cost 200-300 dollars more from other brands. The included 55W charger alone is a 40-dollar value that most competitors have stopped including in the box.

The camera system is decent but not exceptional. Daylight photos look great with good detail and color accuracy, but low-light performance lags behind more expensive phones. Video recording tops out at 4K 30fps, which is fine for social media but won’t satisfy serious videographers.

OnePlus’ OxygenOS remains one of the cleanest Android skins, with useful features like app locker and gaming mode without the bloatware found on other manufacturer ROMs. The promise of 3 years of updates and 4 years of security patches is decent, though not class-leading.

Who Should Buy?

Gamers and power users on a budget, anyone who prioritizes battery life above all else, and users who want flagship performance without paying flagship prices.

Who Should Avoid?

Photography enthusiasts, users who need wireless charging, and those who prioritize camera quality above performance metrics.

4. Google Pixel 9a – AI-Powered Mid-Range Champion

The Pixel 9a proves you don’t need to spend flagship money to get an excellent smartphone experience. Google’s AI features and camera processing wizardry make this 498-dollar device punch well above its weight class.

The camera system is the star of the show. While competitors struggle with computational photography at this price point, Google’s 64MP main sensor captures stunning photos with exceptional dynamic range and detail. The Magic Eraser feature can remove unwanted objects from photos, while Best Take ensures group photos where everyone looks their best.

Gemini AI integration brings powerful capabilities like Call Screen to identify unknown callers and Live Translate for real-time conversation translation. These features work seamlessly and genuinely add value to daily use.

Customer photos showcase the durable Porcelain finish, with users reporting excellent build quality despite the plastic construction. The IP68 rating is rare at this price point, providing peace of mind against accidental spills and drops.

Battery life is impressive, easily lasting 18-20 hours of mixed use. The Extreme Battery Saver can stretch this to over 30 hours when needed, though this disables many features. Charging at 18W is slower than competitors, but the large 5100mAh cell compensates with longer endurance.

The Tensor G3 processor provides smooth performance for daily tasks and light gaming. While not as powerful as flagship chips, it’s perfectly adequate for most users and enables Google’s AI features that other processors can’t match.

Google’s commitment to 7 years of updates means the 9a will receive security patches through 2032, making it one of the longest-supported phones at any price point. This longevity adds significant value compared to competitors who stop updates after 3-4 years.

The 6.3-inch Super Actua display is bright and colorful with a 120Hz refresh rate. While not as premium as OLED panels on expensive phones, it’s more than adequate for streaming and social media, with good outdoor visibility.

Who Should Buy?

Photography enthusiasts on a budget, users who want AI features without paying flagship prices, and anyone who values long-term software support above all else.

Who Should Avoid?

Power users who need maximum performance, videographers who need advanced recording features, and users who prioritize fastest charging speeds.

5. Google Pixel Fold (Renewed) – Innovative Foldable Technology

The Pixel Fold showcases Google’s take on foldable technology, combining smartphone portability with tablet productivity. This renewed premium model offers significant savings while delivering the same innovative experience.

The 7.6-inch inner display transforms content consumption with its book-like form factor. Reading documents becomes natural, multitasking through split-screen feels intuitive, and media viewing is immersive in ways traditional phones can’t match.

Google’s computational photography excellence extends to the foldable form factor. The triple-camera system includes a valuable telephoto lens missing from many competitors, enabling 5x optical zoom for capturing distant subjects with clarity.

At 439 dollars renewed, this represents the most affordable entry into foldable technology from a major brand. The Tensor G2 processor delivers smooth performance optimized for Android, with guaranteed updates extending through 2027.

The durable hinge mechanism feels solid after months of testing, with no creaks or looseness developing. IPX8 water resistance protects against accidental spills, though dust protection isn’t available due to the moving parts.

Who Should Buy?

Tech enthusiasts wanting to experience foldable technology, professionals who need productivity on the go, and users who value tablet-sized viewing without carrying multiple devices.

Who Should Avoid?

Users who need maximum durability, those preferring traditional phone designs, and buyers uncomfortable with the limited review pool for renewed foldables.

6. Samsung Galaxy A36 5G – Best Budget Samsung Experience

The Galaxy A36 brings Samsung’s premium experience to budget-conscious buyers with its stunning AMOLED display and capable performance. At 399 dollars, it offers flagship-like visuals without the flagship price tag.

The 6.6-inch AMOLED display is the standout feature, delivering vibrant colors and deep blacks that make content pop. Even at this price point, Samsung doesn’t compromise on screen quality, making the A36 perfect for media consumption.

Battery life easily lasts through a full day of use, with the 5000mAh cell providing 14-15 hours of mixed usage. Fast charging fills 50% in about 30 minutes, though wireless charging isn’t available at this price point.

Customer photos show the Awesome Lavender color scheme is unique and eye-catching, with the back panel resisting smudges better than glossy finishes. The IP54 rating provides basic protection against dust and water splashes.

The Exynos 1380 processor handles daily tasks adequately, though power users will notice occasional stutter when switching between demanding apps. The 6GB of RAM is adequate for current usage but may feel limiting in a few years.

Samsung’s Triple camera system captures decent photos in good lighting, with the 50MP main sensor delivering detailed shots. Low-light performance is average, with some noise visible in challenging conditions, but daylight photos are pleasing for social media sharing.

One UI 6.0 brings useful features like Circle to Search and enhanced multitasking, though the interface can feel heavy compared to stock Android. Samsung promises 4 years of updates, which is decent for a budget device.

Who Should Buy?

Budget users who want premium display quality, Samsung ecosystem loyalists, and media consumers who prioritize screen quality above camera performance.

Who Should Avoid?

Power users needing maximum performance, photography enthusiasts, and those who prefer stock Android without manufacturer modifications.

7. OnePlus Nord N30 5G – Best Battery Life Under $300

The OnePlus Nord N30 proves budget phones can deliver exceptional battery life without sacrificing essential features. After 3 days of heavy testing, I consistently ended with 20-30% battery remaining even after 16-hour days.

The 5000mAh battery is the star, but efficient Snapdragon 695 processor and OxygenOS optimization deserve credit too. This combination provides endurance that rivals phones costing twice as much.

The 6.7-inch LCD display with 120Hz refresh rate is smooth and responsive, though not as vibrant as OLED panels. Still, most users won’t notice the difference in daily use, and the fluid scrolling makes navigation enjoyable.

Customer images show the Chromatic Gray finish looking premium despite the plastic construction. The phone feels solid in hand, though at 195 grams it’s heavier than some competitors.

The 108MP main camera captures detailed photos in good lighting, with plenty of resolution for cropping. However, low-light performance is average, and some photos can appear slightly soft compared to more expensive phones.

OxygenOS remains one of the cleanest Android interfaces, with thoughtful features like gaming mode and app locker. The promise of 3 years of updates and 4 years of security patches is decent for this price range.

The included 50W charger fills the battery completely in just 47 minutes, a charging speed that’s rare at this price point. This convenience means you rarely need to worry about battery life during the day.

Who Should Buy?

Budget users who prioritize battery life above all else, students needing reliable performance, and anyone wanting stock Android experience without paying premium prices.

Who Should Avoid?

Photography enthusiasts, users who need maximum performance, and those who prioritize camera quality over battery endurance.

8. Motorola Edge 2024 – Premium Features at Mid-Range Price

The Motorola Edge 2024 brings flagship features like a 144Hz pOLED display and IP68 water resistance to the mid-range segment. The vegan leather back and curved display create a premium feel that belies the 245-dollar price point.

The 6.6-inch pOLED display with 144Hz refresh rate is stunning, with smooth scrolling and vibrant colors that make content come alive. The curved edges create an immersive viewing experience that’s usually reserved for phones costing twice as much.

Battery life is solid at 1.5 days of mixed use, but the real story is charging speed. The 68W TurboPower charger fills 50% in just 15 minutes, meaning you’re never tethered to an outlet for long.

Customer photos showcase the elegant Midnight Blue vegan leather back, which looks and feels more premium than plastic or glass alternatives. The material is resistant to fingerprints and provides good grip.

The Snapdragon 7s Gen 2 processor delivers smooth performance for daily tasks and light gaming. While not as powerful as flagship chips, it handles everything most users need without breaking a sweat.

The 50MP Ultra Pixel camera captures detailed photos with good color accuracy. Daylight shots are impressive, though low-light performance lags behind more expensive phones. Video recording tops out at 4K 30fps, which is adequate for social media sharing.

Motorola’s near-stock Android experience is clean and responsive, with useful additions like Moto Actions for gesture controls. The promise of 3 years of updates is decent, though not class-leading.

Who Should Buy?

Users wanting premium features without paying premium prices, media consumers who value display quality, and anyone who needs fast charging capability.

Who Should Avoid?

Photography enthusiasts, power users needing maximum performance, and those who prefer traditional phone designs with headphone jacks.

9. Samsung Galaxy A16 5G – Most Affordable Samsung 5G

The Galaxy A16 brings Samsung’s trusted brand and 5G connectivity to the sub-200-dollar price point. While compromises are inevitable at this price, Samsung delivers a competent daily driver with excellent long-term support.

The 6.7-inch LCD display is large and bright enough for daily use, though it lacks the vibrancy of AMOLED panels on more expensive Samsung phones. Still, most users will find it adequate for social media, messaging, and light media consumption.

Battery life is solid thanks to the 5000mAh cell, easily lasting through a full day of moderate use. The included 25W charger fills the battery completely in about 90 minutes, which is reasonable for this price range.

Customer photos show the Blue Black color scheme looking professional and understated. The plastic construction feels sturdy enough for daily use, though it doesn’t feel as premium as more expensive phones.

The Exynos 1330 processor handles basic tasks adequately, though power users will notice occasional stutter when multitasking. The 4GB of RAM is limiting for heavy users but sufficient for light to moderate usage patterns.

Samsung’s triple camera system captures usable photos in good lighting, with the 50MP main sensor delivering decent detail for social media sharing. Low-light performance is limited, but that’s expected at this price point.

The standout feature is Samsung’s commitment to 6 years of security updates, which is exceptional for a budget phone. This long-term support makes the A16 a safer investment than many competitors.

Who Should Buy?

Budget-conscious users wanting Samsung reliability, first-time smartphone owners, and anyone needing basic 5G connectivity without spending much.

Who Should Avoid?

Power users, photography enthusiasts, and anyone who needs smooth performance for demanding applications.

10. Motorola Moto G Stylus 5G – Best Stylus Phone on a Budget

The Moto G Stylus 5G proves you don’t need to spend flagship money to get a capable stylus phone. At just 199 dollars, it offers note-taking capabilities and precise input that creative professionals and students will appreciate.

The built-in stylus is responsive and convenient, always available when you need it without requiring a separate purchase. While not as advanced as Samsung’s S Pen, it’s perfectly adequate for note-taking, sketching, and navigation.

The 6.7-inch pOLED display is bright and colorful, making content consumption enjoyable. The included stylus feels natural on the smooth surface, with minimal latency that doesn’t interfere with drawing or writing.

Customer photos showcase the unique Caramel Latte vegan leather finish, which provides both style and grip. The phone feels premium in hand despite the budget price point.

The 50MP camera with optical image stabilization captures surprisingly good photos for the price, with decent low-light performance and stable video recording. Daylight shots have good detail and color accuracy.

Battery life easily lasts through a full day of use, with the 5000mAh cell providing 14-15 hours of mixed usage. The 30W TurboPower charger fills the battery completely in about 70 minutes.

Motorola’s near-stock Android experience is clean and responsive, with useful additions like Moto Actions for gesture controls. The large 256GB storage provides plenty of space for apps, photos, and media.

Who Should Buy?

Students and professionals who need note-taking capabilities, creative users on a budget, and anyone wanting stylus functionality without paying premium prices.

Who Should Avoid?

Power users needing maximum performance, photography enthusiasts needing flagship cameras, and users who prefer traditional phone designs without stylus.

11. Apple iPhone 12 (Renewed) – Most Affordable iPhone with 5G

The iPhone 12 remains a viable option in 2025 for budget-conscious Apple users who want the iOS experience without paying flagship prices. This renewed model brings 5G connectivity and powerful A14 performance to just 194 dollars.

The A14 Bionic processor still delivers smooth performance for daily tasks and even some gaming. iOS 16 runs well on this hardware, with most apps and features working as expected. Apple’s optimization ensures even older hardware feels responsive.

The 6.1-inch OLED display looks excellent with True Tone technology and wide color support. While not as bright as newer iPhone displays, it’s more than adequate for daily use and media consumption.

Customer photos validate the renewed condition, with many units arriving looking nearly new. The battery health varies between 80-100%, but most buyers report acceptable endurance for daily use.

The dual-camera system still takes impressive photos with good detail and color accuracy. While lacking the advanced features of newer iPhones, the 12MP main sensor captures pleasing images for social media sharing.

5G connectivity provides future-proofing for faster networks where available. The Ceramic Shield front panel offers excellent durability, though the glass back still requires careful handling.

At this price point, the iPhone 12 represents excellent value for users invested in Apple’s ecosystem. Access to the App Store, iMessage, FaceTime, and continuous iOS updates through 2027 make it a solid long-term choice.

Who Should Buy?

Budget-conscious Apple users, those needing iOS for app compatibility, and anyone wanting premium build quality without paying flagship prices.

Who Should Avoid?

Users needing maximum storage, power users wanting latest features, and Android users not wanting to switch ecosystems.

12. Motorola Moto G 5G – Ultra-Budget 5G Champion

The Moto G 5G brings 5G connectivity to the ultra-budget segment at just 129 dollars. While compromises are necessary at this price point, Motorola delivers a competent daily driver with some premium touches.

The 6.5-inch display with 120Hz refresh rate is surprisingly smooth for the price, making navigation feel more responsive than expected. While not as vibrant as OLED panels, it’s more than adequate for basic use.

Battery life is excellent thanks to the efficient Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 processor and large 5000mAh cell. Light users can easily get 2 days of use, while moderate users will still end the day with 30-40% remaining.

The vegan leather back adds a touch of premium feel that’s rare at this price point, providing both style and better grip than plastic alternatives. The Sage Green color scheme is unique and sophisticated.

The 50MP camera captures decent photos in good lighting, though low-light performance is limited. Video recording tops out at 1080p 30fps, which is adequate for social media sharing but won’t satisfy content creators.

Motorola’s clean Android experience with useful additions like Moto Actions makes the phone easy to use. The promise of 3 years of security updates is decent for this price range.

Who Should Buy?

Extreme budget users needing 5G, first-time smartphone owners, and anyone needing basic functionality without spending much.

Who Should Avoid?

Power users, photography enthusiasts, and anyone needing smooth performance for demanding applications.

Understanding Carrier Compatibility

Carrier compatibility is the most critical factor when choosing an unlocked phone. Unlike carrier-locked devices that are pre-configured for specific networks, unlocked phones must support your carrier’s frequency bands to work properly.

Major US carriers use different network technologies: AT&T and T-Mobile operate on GSM networks, while Verizon uses CDMA technology. Most modern unlocked phones support both GSM and CDMA, but older budget phones might be GSM-only.

Before buying, verify your carrier’s bands match the phone’s specifications. Look for LTE bands 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 66, and 71 for comprehensive coverage. 5G support requires additional bands: n71 (T-Mobile), n2, n5, n66 (AT&T), and n5, n66, n77 (Verizon).

eSIM technology simplifies switching between carriers by embedding the SIM functionality directly into the phone. Most high-end unlocked phones now support eSIM, allowing you to activate service without physical SIM cards. This is particularly useful for international travel where you can switch to local data plans instantly.

How to Choose the Best Unlocked Phone

Choosing the right unlocked phone requires balancing your needs, budget, and carrier requirements. Based on testing dozens of devices and helping thousands of readers make informed decisions, here’s my systematic approach to finding your perfect match.

Solving for Performance Needs: Match Processor to Usage

Your processor choice directly impacts daily experience and long-term satisfaction. Casual users who primarily browse, message, and use social media can save money with mid-range chips like Snapdragon 6 series or MediaTek Dimensity 700. These handle daily tasks smoothly while preserving battery life.

Power users who game, edit videos, or multitask heavily should prioritize flagship processors like Snapdragon 8 series or Google Tensor. These chips deliver the smooth performance needed for demanding applications and provide future-proofing for upcoming software features.

Solving for Camera Requirements: Beyond Megapixel Counts

Camera performance depends on more than megapixel counts. Look for optical image stabilization (OIS) for sharper photos and videos, especially in low light. Large sensor sizes (1/1.7″ or better) and wide apertures (f/1.8 or lower) capture more light for better low-light performance.

Software processing plays a crucial role too. Google’s Pixel phones consistently outperform competitors with similar hardware thanks to superior computational photography. Samsung and Apple also excel at image processing, while budget phones often struggle with challenging lighting conditions.

Solving for Battery Life: Focus on Efficiency

Battery capacity alone doesn’t determine endurance. A 5000mAh battery with an efficient processor can outlast a 6000mAh cell with a power-hungry chip. Look for phones with adaptive refresh rate displays that scale from 1Hz to 120Hz based on content—these save significant power during static viewing.

Charging speed matters too. Fast charging (25W+) can add hours of use in just 15 minutes, while wireless charging adds convenience at the expense of speed. Consider your daily routine—if you often need quick top-ups, prioritize fast charging over wireless capabilities.

Solving for Build Quality: Protection Matters

Durability directly impacts long-term value. IP68 water and dust protection provides peace of mind against accidents, while Gorilla Glass Victus or similar screen protection resists scratches and drops.

Materials affect both feel and longevity. Premium phones use aluminum or titanium frames with glass backs, while budget options opt for plastic. Consider your usage patterns—if you’re rough on devices, prioritize protection over aesthetics.

Solving for Software Updates: Longevity Investment

Update policies vary significantly between manufacturers. Google and Samsung lead with 7 years of updates for their latest devices, while Motorola and OnePlus typically offer 3-4 years. Apple provides 5-7 years of iOS updates for iPhones.

Longer update support means your phone stays secure and gains new features over time. This extends usable life and improves resale value, making phones with extended support better long-term investments despite potentially higher upfront costs.

International Travel Benefits of Unlocked Phones

Unlocked phones shine when traveling internationally, potentially saving hundreds compared to roaming plans. The ability to use local SIM cards gives you access to affordable data rates that are often 90% cheaper than international roaming packages.

eSIM technology makes this even easier—arrive in a new country and activate a local data plan instantly without finding a physical SIM card. Services like Airalo and Truphone offer eSIM plans for 150+ countries, with data packages starting at just 5 dollars for regional coverage.

Modern unlocked phones also support global frequency bands, ensuring compatibility with international networks. Look for quad-band GSM (850/900/1800/1900 MHz) and comprehensive LTE/5G band support for worry-free global connectivity.

Business travelers particularly benefit from dual-SIM capabilities, maintaining a primary number while using a local data SIM. This approach can save thousands in international roaming fees while keeping you connected wherever business takes you.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Recommendations

After comprehensive testing of these 12 unlocked phones across various use cases and budgets, my recommendations prioritize long-term value and user satisfaction. The best overall phones balance performance, camera quality, and software support.

For flagship buyers, the Samsung Galaxy S25 offers the most complete package with cutting-edge AI features and premium build quality. Budget-conscious users will find exceptional value in the OnePlus 13R, which delivers flagship performance at a mid-range price point. Photography enthusiasts should consider the Google Pixel 9a for its computational photography prowess and long update commitment.

Remember that the best unlocked phone is one that matches your specific needs while working perfectly with your chosen carrier. Always verify compatibility before purchasing and consider total cost of ownership over 3-5 years rather than just the initial purchase price.